Conversely, privacy increased with non-uniform lighting. The results showed that judgments of spaciousness, hospitality, and sociability increased with uniform, horizontal/vertical, and also horizontal/vertical/accent lighting. The research sample included 105 respondents that judged the perceived spaciousness/confinement, sociability/unsociability, hospitality/inhospitality, and privacy/publicness of each of 18 digital images of the nocturnal streets. Three different virtual urban streets with different features (with respect to dimensions and the presence of natural elements) were considered and investigated. Lighting parameters such as uniformity (non-uniform, uniform) and distribution (horizontal, horizontal and vertical, and multi-layered approach with horizontal, vertical, and accent lighting) were manipulated to understand their influence on the impression and evaluations of a space’s accessibility, sociability, hospitality, and comfort. This chapter presents research results related to the influence of lighting on impressions of public outdoor urban streets using a virtual environment. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technologyīook series (BRIEFSAPPLSCIENCES) Abstract
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